levenshteinDistance

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int levenshteinDistance(string word1, string word2) {
    int m = word1.length();
    int n = word2.length();
    vector<vector<int>> dp(m + 1, vector<int>(n + 1));

    for (int i = 0; i <= m; i++) dp[i][0] = i;
    for (int j = 0; j <= n; j++) dp[0][j] = j;

    for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
            if (word1[i-1] == word2[j-1]) {
                dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1];
            } else {
                dp[i][j] = min({dp[i-1][j], dp[i][j-1], dp[i-1][j-1]}) + 1;
            }
        }
    }
    return dp[m][n];
}

Calculates the minimum number of single-character edits (insertions, deletions, or substitutions) required to transform one string into another. Widely used in spell checkers, DNA analysis, and plagiarism detection.